Never really had any luck baiting deer, at least passed August. They don't seem interested in my offerings of salt, apples and PB... just walk by, not even a sniff.
I wouldn't shoot a bear within proximity (in my case 100 yards of something I left out) Distance might vary depending on area. My 100 yard rule is for an area you can only see 20 max. In an open area I'd give it a lot more room... like 500 yards from bait.
As for salt, I'm not sure I would consider it an attractant. I have hundreds of videos of bears walking right by salt. Never had a single one touch it. I'm not saying it never happens. I'm not very interested in shooting fall bears. I let one walk a couple weeks ago, but if I did want one and it happened to be near salt, I might be inclined as my experience has been that salt isn't a bear attractant.
Apples, COB, PB, gutpile or whatever, definitely bait. Doesn't matter what the intent of the bait was. Shooting a bear near it would definitely be illegal. Even knowingly shooting a bear near someone else's gutpile or even a natural kill / carcass is totally illegal.